Ukuhweba kwe-RDF ezweni lanamuhla

1.0Background kanye Ububanzi
Okuphambili phezu tthe eyishumi yokugcina ekuphenduleni landfill levy / intela uphoqe European, nokuthengiswa izibi etholakala fuel (RDF) manje badlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni udoti residual emhlabeni.
Kule minyaka eyi-10, kuyo yonke i-republic of Ireland UK bentando ezine, RDF nokuthengiswa uye wasebenzisa ezuzisayo udoti residual ebesingase ziye othambekele landfill, esikhundleni sanoma amandla yasekhaya udoti (EfW) Umthamo.
Nokho, naphezu ukwanda ngokushesha kule kwemakethe yokuthunyelwa kwempahla angaphandle RDF, ukungaqiniseki ezikhona emhlabeni ikusasa mboni. Izingcindezi zihlanganisa lezinyathelo kungenzeka lokuvukela amazinga kabusha kuhambisana anda yasekhaya EfW umthamo, kanye ramifications of Brexit ku sezomnotho ukuthekelisa kusuka UK.

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Idatha ye-DAERA ikhombisa ukuzithoba okuthe xaxa kokuthengiswa kwe-RDF okungu-140-160 ktpa phakathi kuka-2014 no-2016 ukuthola ireland yasenyakatho, okuthembela kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe ngokwesisekelo ngasinye. Ngokuqhathanisa, iScotland neWales okwamanje ayibekeli ukuthembela okuncane ekuthengisweni kwe-RDF.

Endabeni yaseNgilandi, ama-tnoges wokukhipha imali abonakala egcwele kakhulu e-3.2 Mtpa kule minyaka emibili edlule yekhalenda (bheka isithombe 1-2). Eqinisweni, kamuva kunazo zonke lwesikhashana imvelo Agency ishidi imibukiso ukwehla RDF nokuthengiswa ngonyaka ngokusebenzisa uJulayi 2018, isihlobo ukuba ngonyaka ngokusebenzisa uJulayi 2017-Nakuba lokhu kungase kube ngenxa iyehla iyenyuka nyangazonke, kunokuba lezikhali lawa genuien.

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Ukubaluleka relativee ka RDF nokuthengiswa kule mikhakha imfucuza yezwe ngalinye kungenziwa gauged ngokuqhathanisa nenani RDF akhishelwe khona lengenako ngamunye countryOn a lengenako isisekelo, Northern Ireland okwamanje ukwethembela elikhulu RDF nokuthengiswa at cishe 80kg / umuntu / ngonyaka, nge republic of ireland usezingeni lesibili ku 70kg / umuntu / ngonyaka. IsiZulu ithumela kwamanye amazwe lemali cishe 60kg / umuntu / ngonyaka, kanti ngo-isikotilandi naseWales RDF ukuthekelisa kudlala indima elincane kwi lengenako isisekelo.
Komthetho olawula RDF ukuthekelisa ezingeni EU iyona EC imfucuza mpahla iziqondiso (WSR), esihambisana esibuyekeziwe nohlaka imfucuza umyalelo (WFD). Ukuthekelisa i-RDF kokubuyiselwa kwamandla kuvunyelwe ngaphansi kohlu lwethala le-WSR "amber", elivumela ukuthekelisa okunikezwe isaziso sangaphambilini (ngokuvamile sonyaka) kwiziphathimandla ezifanele. Ukuhunyushwa kwe-EC imfucuza izimpahla iziqondiso zokubekwa nezinqubo RDF ukuthekelisa kungumsebenzi ejensi zokulawula ezifanele ezweni ngalinye.

2.0 Kusho ukuthini emakethe okwamanje ibukeke?
Mayelana nodaba lweriphabhulikhi ye-ireland, amarekhodi okuthumela i-RDF akhombisa imakethe ehlanganisiwe enezinkampani ezinhlanu (i-Indaver, Greenstar, Greyhound, Panda ne-Clean Ireland) ezibhekele ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-90 ama-327 kt athunyelwa ezweni ngo-2017. phezulu opharetha ezinhlanu (Biffa, Suez, N + P, Geminor noSeneca)-akhawunti ye-cishe u-50% ngowezi-2017 ukuthekelisa ingqikithi 3.2Mt.
Yiziphethu RDF olusuka eNgilandi bangamaRoma nge izimbobo oGwini oluseMpumalanga nge Dover, Flexstowe futhi Immingham kokuba phezulu izimbobo ezintathu esetshenziswa ivolumu ukuthunyelwa. Ngenkathi imininingwane ethekelwayo ethekelisa impahla ngaphandle ingatholakali eyiphindaphindwa ye-Ireland, akujwayelekile ukuthi izindlela ezinkulu zokuthumela ze-RDF zifaka amachweba we-Cork, iL Limerick, iWellford, iGalway kanye neDrogheda.
ENetherlands okwamanje umamukeli elikhulu RDF kusukela republic-Ireland (nokwamukela 153kt e 2017), kulandela iJalimane (70kt) kanye Sweden (51kt). Efanayo emazweni amathathu ukwamukela iningi RDF ethengwe England, Netherlands ukuthatha ivolumu ngobukhulu (1540kt), eJalimane futhi simo sesibili (641kt) kanye Sweden yesithathu (529kt)
Denmark kanye Sweden okwamanje isikhundla njengoba izindawo phezulu ukuthekelisa by ivolumu enyakatho ireland RDF, futhi ikakhulukazi i-repland ye-ireland ibalwe njengomtholi omkhulu wesithathu we-ireland yasenyakatho ye-ireland ngo-2017, ethola ama-28kt.
I yamuva idatha etholakalayo ku UK ukuthekelisa amanani (bheka umfanekiso 1-4) ubonisa ukuthi RDF ithatha eliphakathi nendawo izindleko niche phakathi landfill (okuyiwona lentela ingxenye esindayo) kanye EfW yasekhaya, okuyinto ayibizi kakhulu.
Nakuba amanani aphansi namaphakathi kuthiwa wakubo ngokucacile, amabanga egcwele intengo emakethe lezi ongakhetha ukuphathwa ukukhombisa ukugqagqana abalulekile. Nge-mohlalael, kuncike endaweni yokuhlala kanye namathuba enkontileka atholakalayo, ukuqothuka komhlaba kungahlala kuyindlela ebiza kakhulu kwezinye izimo.

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2.0What esizokwakha isimo funa emakethe esizayo.
Ngaphakathi e-UK, umthelela Brexit kusalokhu kuyinto ekhathazayo elisemqoka kuya umkhakha RDF ukuthekelisa. Ukukhathazeka ethile ekhonjiwe zihlanganisa.
- Ukufakwa kwamanani entengo entengo ye-RDF -
Kukhulise ukungezwani kokunyakaza kwe-RDF ngenxa yokubekwa kokulawulwa kwokwezifiso nokuphazamiseka kwenqubo yokwazisa okuthunyelwe uma kungaphathwanga iBrexit.
On siqakathekile endabeni yamanani kuyinto EC NO.1186 / 2009, esichaza imifanekiso aseYurophu nentela, futhi lithi "Noma yimuphi lifike yakhiwa izimpahla zenani azinakwa kokuthunyelwa ngqo kusuka ezweni lesithathu kuya consignee emphakathini shall wamukelwe mahhala imisebenzi yokungenisa ”. Ngokunikeza amathuba wokuthi i-RDF ingahlukaniswa njengenani elingaqhathaniswa (nenani elifanele, ngenkathi umthethonqubo usebenza umkhawulo we- $ 150 umthwalo ngamunye). Kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuthi emisiwe kuyosebenza, kungakhathaliseki ifomu okuyinto Brexit ekugcineni kuthatha.
Ngomgubho yabathintekayo ngo-August, Defra libike ukuthi umbono walo, okusekelwa HMRC kanye nenhlangano emhlabeni ukuhweba (WTO) Njengoba kwakubikezelwe, "Ukuthunyelwa imfucuza ukutakula ayisona ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla kodwa ukunikezwa insizakalo" futhi ngeke thereforee kungabi kuncike yamanani.
Noma kunjalo, impikiswano yokulawulwa kwamasiko isalokhu iyinkinga enkulu.
Ngemuva kokwenqatshwa kwephalamende kokuqhubeka kokuba yilungu le-European Union custom Union, indlela elawulwa ngayo amasiko isalokhu iyindaba eyimpikiswano ezingxoxweni zokuphanga. Izidingo zesikhathi esizayo zokumenyezelwa / amasheke angadonsela isikhathi sokuhamba eside kanye nezidingo ezingezekile zokuphatha, zikhuphula izindleko zokuthengiswa kwe-RDF. Udaba lokuhlolwa kwesifo Izilawuli amasiko kusobala ikakhulukazi esibucayi nokuhamba RDF / SRF ngalé komngcele Irish (e 2017, 28kt ka RDF / SRF athunyelwa kusuka Northern Ireland ukuze Republic of Ireland)
Ikusasa kwesikhathi eside RDF imikhakha ukuthekelisa ku Republic of Ireland uk nayo azethembe ngokucacile ku nesidingo esiqhubekayo kule nto e-Europe. Isidingo esisekelwayo sidinga amandla aqhubekayo ngokweqile, okuwukusebenza kwezimo emazweni atholayo (ikakhulukazi ama-netherlands, i-germany kanye ne-Thai) kufaka phakathi ukwanda kwesibalo sabantu, ukwakha ngaphandle komthamo omusha we-EfW, ukukhuphuka kokuphinda kusetshenziselwe imigomo ye-EU CEP, kanye nokususwa kwensiza ekhona EfW facilies.
Isidingo RDF kusukela republic-Ireland nase-UK emazweni ezinkulu umamukeli naso singase sancipha uma ukuthekelisa ogeleza usuka nezinye oyilungu ukwandisa kuhambisana EU Cep, okwenza zilinganiselwe izinhlobo Ingxenye udoti residual kamasipala othambekele landfill-10% ngonyaka wezi-2030.

3.0 Ukuthekelisa Volumes Ikusasa Gaze.
Ukwazisa nokuqonda isimo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, IMisa ibhalansi projection imikhakha udoti Republic of Ireland uk. Kuwo womabili la mazwe, isibikezeli sibonisa ukuthi uma ngabe imfuno ye-EUECP 2030 yokuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha engama-60%, okuthekelisa iRDF kungenzeka kube nenkontileka enkulu.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu okutholakele okutholayo, izimo zemakethe ezahlukile zenzeka republic of ireland kanye ne-uk ekhulunwayo. Njengoba kuboniswe sibalo 1-1, kubonakala sengathi e-Republic of Ireland entsha yasekhaya EfW umthamo sekuqalile ukuba nomthelela ku amavolumu ukuthekelisa, nge ekutheni kuphinde kuncishiswe zilindelwe 2020s okuqala. Uzitshela ukuthi Republic of Ireland ephumelelisa EU Cep nokusebenzisa kabusho imikhiqizo esisebenzile aqondile futhi kuhlelwe yasekhaya EfW umthamo iyakhiwa, izinsalela elinganiselwe udoti residual izotholakala ukuthekelisa ngesimo RDF.
Imiphumela ivolumu Export yokumodela i-uk zikhonjiswe e fiture 1-Lapha, i-theory uk feedstock (kuboniswe oluhlaza) ulinganiswa kuya esivezwa UK umthamo Gap, nge scenearios obuhlukahlukene lokulandisa kungenzeka ukukhula udoti kanye kabusha. Le mfuneko for RDF kusukela EU (kuboniswe okwesibhakabhaka) is ke indicatively esivezwa ngezigameko ngesikhathi +/- 50% isihlobo emazingeni zamanje, kanti kuvulwe icala njalo. Njengoba kuboniswe, supply residual udoti feedstock ayikasekeli ngqo nomkhawulo emazweni angaphandle kusuka UK. Kodwa-ke, Ukuthobela ukuhambisana kokuhlosiwe kwe-EUECP ye-60% yokuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha ngo-2030 (umugqa oqinile ohlaza okotshani), ukunqwabelana kokuhlinzekwa kokudonswa kwemfucuza engasasebenzi kungenzeka kubeke ingcindezi ye-rendawtn yehle emazingeni okuthekelisa. Nokho, Lezi okwatholakala zisho kwakuxhomeke amazinga kabusha ekugcineni kwafinyelelwa ngezingxoxo UK-Njengoba kubonakala ebubanzini nasekujuleni ka residual udoti umhlahlo imvilophi (oluhlaza endaweni ukubopha)

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3.0How okumele umkhakha isikhundla iteself?
Uhla lwezinhlangano emkhakheni wezomphakathi nezizimele luyathinteka emakethe yokuthumela i-RDF, futhi luzothonywa izinguquko ezizayo entengo yamanani okuthumela emazweni angaphandle kanye namavolumu. Ngokuthatha uhlobo ngalunye lwenhlangano, imithelelalelo iyahlaziywa bese kubhekwa amasu phambili kumongo wemakethe eguquguqukayo ye-RDF. Nakuba lokhu assesement isethwe ngokugcwele emibikweni kamongameli, okwatholakala zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

RDF nokuthengiswa ukunikeza isixazululo nezimo futhi engase ukonga ukuphathwa imfucuza asalile (emikhandlwini hhayi izinkontileka EfW yasekhaya)
Ukuze iziphathimandla zendawo Scottish, RDF ukuthekelisa kungadala isixazululo ngokushesha deployable ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-2021 ukuvinjelwa imfucuza okubolayo ukuba landfill. Kufanele, Nokho, kumelwe kuphawulwe ukuthi ezinye imikhandlu Scottish kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ukhethe ukuthutha udoti residual ukuba landfills noma EfW izindawo eNorth of England.
Enyakatho ye-Ireland, RDF nokuthengiswa engase unikeze iphansana izindleko kulahlwa inketho esikhundleni sanoma yasekhaya EfW umthamo. Nokho, ukuba ukwethembela elikhulu RDF nokuthengiswa (uma eshiwo kwi lengenako isisekelo) Northern Ireland futhi abasengozini ekushintshashintsheni ngokufunwa, kanye nemithelela engaba ezihlobene Brexit njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla.
Esimeni lokuvukela RDF ukuthekelisa izindleko (isib ngenxa ukwehla we iphawundi noma amasiko kwimboni azinzima kangako nezidingo port-Brexit, ukwephulwa zokulawula Cishe ziyokwanda-ikakhulukazi ngokuhlobene nesikhathi imikhawulo isitoreji impahla kanye nokwenzeka "eziyizintandane "basaphaza kwenzeka ukuthi abathuthi lishona ezimalini.
ngo eside, sicabangela ukwehla jikelele amavolumu RDF ukuthekelisa, abathuthi kungase ngokuya bheka ukusungula izivumelwano ukunikezela nge Okuphambili yasekhaya EfW umthamo.


Thumela isikhathi: Jun-03-2020

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