I-RDF Pellet mill

“Ukungcoliswa kwabamhlophe kuyinselelo enkulu ebhekene nomphakathi wesintu kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Kusukela ngekhulu lama-21, kube nomkhuba womhlaba wonke wokonakala kwezinto eziphilayo, futhi amazwe amaningi akhiphe izinqubomgomo eziqinile zokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni. NgoJanuwari 2020, izwe lami futhi laqala ngokusemthethweni "ukukhawulela" iPlastiki "seliphenduke" ukuvinjelwa kwePlastiki ", nakho okuqhuba imboni yamapulasitiki eyonakele kusukela ekunciphiseni kwasekuqaleni kube yisikhathi sentuthuko esheshayo. Ngenxa yentuthuko yokwehla kwesikhathi eside, umncintiswano wamanje wemboni unenxushunxushu futhi awuthathi isinqumo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqonde izakhi eziyinhloko Yiba ibhizinisi eliholayo futhi uhole iminyaka yegolide.

Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngamaphoyinti amathathu abalulekile okungena emakethe yamapulasitiki abolayo, okubandakanya "ukuthunyelwa kusenesikhathi, ukugxila kumaphoyinti abalulekile, nokunciphisa izindleko", ukuze kunikezwe ugqozi lokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwezinkampani ezihlobene, ikakhulukazi ukwenza izinqumo nokuphathwa abaphathi bezinkampani.

Kukhishwa "ukuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki", imakethe yamaplastiki eyonakele yaqala ukuqhuma

imakethe yamapulasitiki ebolayo ezweni lami iqale ekuqaleni konyaka we-2012. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesidingo esidangele sasemakethe sokuqala, izindleko eziphezulu zempahla eluhlaza kanye namandla amancane okukhiqiza, intuthuko yonke yale mboni iye yahamba kancane. Ezinye izinkampani ezingene emakethe phambilini sezize zaphoqeleka ukuthi ziguquke ngenxa yokushoda kwama-oda isikhathi eside. Kuze kube nguJanuwari 2020, kukhishwe "Imibono Ngokuqhubeka Nokuqinisa Ukwelashwa Kokungcola Kweplastiki" (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa nge- "Plastic Prohibition Order"), edinga ukwenqatshelwa nokuvinjelwa okuhlelekile kokukhiqizwa, ukuthengiswa nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ethile yepulasitiki, ngenkuthalo ukugqugquzela imikhiqizo ehlukile, futhi ngokulandela ngokusemthethweni "Amaplastikhi alinganiselwe" aphenduke "Amapulasitiki Avinjelwe" (bheka Umfanekiso 1).

Kuthintwe yilokhu, imakethe yamapulasitiki abolayo, okuthatha indawo yamapulasitiki endabuko, ikhule kakhulu, futhi ama-oda akhuphuke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu” lwe-14, imakethe yamapulasitiki angaboliseka kalula izokhula ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe elingu-11.3% futhi ifinyelele kuma-500 Isilinganiso semali engaphezulu kwezigidi eziyi-100 zama-yuan (bheka Umfanekiso 2).

Ngasikhathi sinye, intengo yemikhiqizo yepulasitiki ecekeceke inyukile ngonyaka owedlule. Isibonelo, intengo ye-PLA ngaphambi kokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki kwakungu-20,000 yuan / ton, kanti intengo yemakethe kwezinye izindawo ifinyelele kuma-yuan / ton ayi-50,000. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ngqo inzuzo ephelele yemboni. Isibonelo, imikhawulo yenzuzo enkulu yezinkampani ezihola phambili njengeKingfa Technology neYifan Pharmaceutical icishe ibe ngama-40% ngonyaka wezi-2019 nowe-2020, okuwukukhuphuka okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa no-2018 (bheka Umfanekiso 3).

Izinyathelo ezintathu ezingena emakethe yamaplastiki eyonakele

1. Isakhiwo sokuqala

Ngenxa yokwehla kwemakethe isikhathi eside ezinsukwini zokuqala, umthamo wokukhiqiza wasekhaya wamapulasitiki abolayo ubukhula kancane. Ngokwezibalo, kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2020, lesi sibalo sinezinga lokukhula ngonyaka elihlanganisiwe elingu-9.63%, futhi sizofinyelela kumathani angama-480,000 ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-2020. Isidingo semakethe singamathani ayi-640,000 ngonyaka, kanti igebe lomthamo likhulu ngokwengeziwe (bheka Umfanekiso 4).

Ngasikhathi sinye, izikhala zamandla okukhiqiza zabakhiqizi abakhulu zincane kakhulu. Amasheya amathathu aphezulu emakethe eKingfa Technology, eLongdu Tianren Biology, naseYunyoucheng Biology azoba namathani ayi-70,000 / ngonyaka kanye namathani ayi-50,000 / ngonyaka ngokulandelana ngo-2020, amathani ayi-50,000 / ngonyaka. Kungashiwo ukuthi noma ngubani ozohola ekuqedeleni ukwakheka kwamandla wokukhiqiza uzokwazi ukusebenzisa ithuba lokuthola isabelo esikhulu, futhi akunzima ukubamba ngemuva.

Kepha "isikhathi asilindi muntu," futhi ukuncintisana okuqinisayo akunakugwenywa ngokuzayo. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izinkampani njengamanje zikhula ngenkuthalo, futhi zizokhulisa amandla wokukhiqiza ahleliwe angaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-8 / ngonyaka eminyakeni embalwa ezayo (okuyiPBAT, i-PLA, ne-PHA okungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-3.48 / ngonyaka, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-3.46 / ngonyaka , kanye namathani ayi-100,000 / ngonyaka ngokulandelana), Amathani ayizigidi ezi-3.7 kuphela omthamo wokukhiqiza osanda kufakwa aqinisekisiwe kusuka ku-2021 kuya ku-2022. Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yezikhala zezimali, abakhiqizi abakhulu nabo bathathe izinyathelo eziningi futhi bakhombisa amakhono abo omlingo. Isibonelo, uChanghong Hi-Tech umemezele ngoMeyi 21, 2021, uhlelo lokukhishwa kwesibopho esiguqukayo, oluhlela ukukhipha amabhondi ezinkampani aguqukayo ngenani eliphelele elingaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-700 (okubandakanya). , Isikhathi seminyaka eyisithupha, izimali eziqoqiwe zihlelelwe ukuthi zisetshenziselwe “amaphrojekthi angama-600,000 wephrojekthi yokutshalwa kwezimboni ye-thermoplastics ngokuphelele (isigaba sokuqala) sokutshalwa kwemali kwesibili”; Jindan Technology kanye isimemezelo izinguquko iphrojekthi izimali ngenhloso ngoJanuwari 2021, ngokuhlanganiswa "ukuvinjelwa amapulasitiki" Ukuze izinqubomgomo kanye isimo esizayo emakethe materials evundisayo inkampani ' s Ukuphathwa ukholelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba ngokufanele ukunweba polylactic acid ukukhiqizwa umthamo amathani 10,000 yakhelwe ekuqaleni. Njengamanje, inkampani ' s ibhodi labaqondisi uhlela izisebenzi efanele ukuhlaziya kanye ukubonisa zibheke ekwandiseni isikali utshalomali wale phrojekthi. Nohlelo lokuqalisa.

2. Bamba amaphuzu asemqoka

Ngokwe- "Plastic Prohibition Order" yango-2020, kunezinhlobo ezine zemikhiqizo yepulasitiki evinjelwe kakhulu: izikhwama zeplastiki, i-tableware elahlwayo elahlwayo, imikhiqizo epulasitiki elahlwayo emahhotela kanye nokupakisha kwepulasitiki, ukukhiqizwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki ezincanyana kanye ne-ultra- amafilimu ezolimo amancane Futhi ukuthengisa nakho kunqunyelwe. Njengamanje, inani lokushintshwa kweplastikhi elonakele kulezi zimboni liphansi, eliphakeme kakhulu ngama-25% embonini yezokuxhumana, kanti eliphansi kakhulu lingu-3% embonini yamafilimu ezolimo, eyehla kunenani elijwayelekile lokufaka esikhundleni lama-30% I-United States, iNetherlands namanye amazwe (bheka Umfanekiso 6).

Ngokuzayo, amapulasitiki abolayo ngokubola kulindeleke ukuthi asheshise ukuthandwa kwawo emikhakheni eminingi njengokulethwa okuvezwa, ukuthatha, izikhwama zokuthenga, njalonjalo. Kunconywa ukugxila ekunakekeleni.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi kuyathandwa, futhi kunesidingo esinamandla sezindlela zokupakisha ezizwakalayo. Uchungechunge lwezindinganiso zikazwelonke ze- “Express Packaging Supplies” olwakhishwa ngo-2018 luqale lwaphakamisa ukuthi “ukupakisha okuveziwe kufanele kusetshenziswe amapulasitiki abolayo”. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukulethwa kwempahla yasekhaya kuzodla cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.52 wamapulasitiki angonakala ngo-2025.

Ama-takeaways akhula ngokushesha, futhi kunethuba elikhulu lokushintshwa kwe-tableware elahlwayo. Ku-2017, iMeituan Takeaway, izinhlangano zezimboni kanye nemikhiqizo eminingi yokupheka ngokuhlanganyela yethule i- "Green Takeaway Industry Convention (Green Ten Articles)". Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imboni yokuthengisa yasekhaya neyangaphandle izodla cishe amathani angama-460,000 wamapulasitiki abolayo ngo-2025.

Kwezinye izimo, isidingo sezikhwama zokuthenga sizinzile, futhi izinga lokungena elonakele lidinga ukwenziwa ngcono. Yize ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zokuthenga epulasitiki kwehle kakhulu selokhu kwakhangiswa "umthetho wokuvimbela amapulasitiki" ngo-2008, ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zokuthenga ngepulasitiki kube nzima ukwehla ngenxa yesidingo esisele esisele kwezinye izimo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imboni yezikhwama zokuthenga yasekhaya izodla cishe amapulasitiki angama-240,000 abolayo ngo-2025. Ton.

Ifilimu yendabuko yezolimo inokungcola okukhulu, futhi imboni inendawo eyanele yokufaka okunye. Amafilimu endabuko e-polyethylene asetshenziswa kakhulu eChina, entula izindlela zokwelashwa ezisebenzayo, futhi anomthelela omkhulu enhlabathini nasezitshalweni. Amafilimu we-mulching abolayo angaba nentuthuko enhle, kepha izinga lokukhula lonke lemboni lihamba kancane. Isidingo kulindeleke ukuthi sibe ngamathani ayi-150,000 ngonyaka ka-2025.

3. Nciphisa izindleko

Intengo yamaplastikhi angenakonakala njenge-PP, i-PET, i-PE iphansi, kanti intengo yamapulasitiki angawohloka iphezulu kakhulu kunabo. Njengamanje, amanani entengo epulasitiki ashubile ajwayelekile afana ne-PLA, PHA, ne-PBAT angama-RMB 16,000 kuya ku-RMB 30,000 / ton no-RMB 40,000 / ton ngokulandelana. Amathani, cishe ama-yuan / amathani ayi-14,000 kuya ku-25,000, okuyizikhathi eziphindwe ka-2 ~ ka-5 ngentengo ye-PE, kanti inani le-PCL liphakeme kakhulu njengama-70,000 yuan / ton, okuyizikhathi eziphindwe ka-9.5 kunentengo ye-PE (bona Umfanekiso 7).

Izintengo eziphakeme zezinto ezingavuthiwe, amazinga obuchwepheshe aphansi, nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi yizizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko eziholela kumanani aphezulu opulasitiki abonakalisayo ezweni lami. Ukuthatha i-PLA njengesibonelo, indlela yesinyathelo esisodwa inezindleko eziphansi kepha ikhwalithi engalungile, futhi indlela yezinyathelo ezimbili inekhwalithi enhle kakhulu. Kungumzila wamanje wokuhlanganiswa okujwayelekile, kepha izindleko ziphakeme, cishe izikhathi eziyi-2.3 kulezo zinyathelo ezilodwa. Ukwenza kanjani ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu nezindleko eziphansi kuyisihluthulelo sokwengeza ukungena nokuwina ukuncintisana kwezimakethe: Isibonelo, iTotal Corbion, inkampani ehlangene yeNatureWorks e-United States, iTotal eFrance, neCorbion eNetherlands, inezindleko eziphansi kanye nenqubo yokulungiselela ubumsulwa obuphakeme bokulungiswa kwabaphakathi kwe-PLA - i- lactide Ehola imakethe yomhlaba, isabelo samandla ku-2020 sizofinyelela ku-29.04% naku-14.52% (Umdwebo 8)

Ngokubhekisisa leli lizwe, izinkampani ezihola phambili nazo zisebenza kanzima ukugqobhoza izithiyo zobuchwepheshe nge-R & D ezimele kanye ne-R & D yokubambisana ukuze zithole izinzuzo zezindleko. Isibonelo, iZhejiang Hisun kanye neChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry ngokuhlanganyela bakhiqize inqubo yobuchwepheshe be-lactide, ekhiqize ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi futhi yazitholela ukuziphakela okuyingxenye; ICOFCO Technology neBelgian Gelat ngokuhlanganyela basungule isitshalo se-corn-lactic acid-lactide-polylactic acid e-Anhui. Isisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwayo yonke imboni yezimboni ngokuyisisekelo sifunde ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula i-lactide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Institute of Physics and Chemistry ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences isungule ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-PBAT ngezindleko eziphansi, izakhiwo eziphezulu zemishini, nokuphepha okuhle kwebhayoloji. Izinkampani ezinjengeHuiying New Materials, iJinhui Zhaolong neYuetai Biotechnology zithole ilungelo lokuzisebenzisa ngokugunyazwa, nazo ezixazululeke ngezinga elithile. Inkinga yezindleko eziphezulu.


Isikhathi Iposi: Jul-23-2021

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