“Ungcoliseko lwabamhlophe ngumceli mngeni omkhulu ojongene noluntu kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Ukusukela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye, kuye kwakho utyekelo lokungabikho kwezinto eziphilayo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye amazwe amaninzi akhuphe imigaqo engqongqo yokukhuthaza ukukhula kolu shishino. NgoJanuwari 2020, ilizwe lam laqala ngokusemthethweni "ukunciphisa" iPlastikhi "yajika yaba" yiPlastikhi yokuvalwa ", ethi yona iqhube ishishini leplastikhi elihlazileyo ukusuka kwimozulu yokuqala ukuya kwixesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yophuhliso lokudodobala kwexesha elide, ukhuphiswano lweshishini lwangoku lunoxinzelelo kwaye alwenzi isigqibo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ubambe ezona zinto ziphambili zibe lishishini eliphambili kwaye likhokele kubudala begolide.
Eli nqaku lixoxa ngamanqaku amathathu aphambili okungena kwimakethi yeplastikhi enokuboliswa ziintsholongwane, kubandakanya "ukuthunyelwa kwangethuba, kugxilwe kumanqaku aphambili, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwendleko", ukulungiselela ukubonelela ngenkuthazo kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweenkampani ezinxulumene noko, ngakumbi ukuthatha izigqibo kunye nolawulo abaphathi bamashishini.
Kukhutshwa "ukuvalwa kweplastiki", intengiso yeplastikhi ethobekileyo ingeniswe kuqhushumbo
Imarike yeplastikhi yelizwe lam etshabalalisa iintsholongwane iqale kwangoko ngo-2012. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemeko yeemarike zovila zakuqala, iindleko eziphezulu zempahla ekrwada kunye nomthamo wemveliso olulinganiselweyo, uphuhliso ngokubanzi lweshishini luye lwacotha. Ezinye iinkampani ezingene kwimarike ngaphambili ziye zanyanzelwa ukuba ziguquke ngenxa yokunqongophala kwee-odolo. Kude kube nguJanuwari 2020, "uluvo oluqhubekayo lokomeleza ukunyangwa kongcoliseko lweplastiki" (emva koku olubizwa ngokuba yi "Plastic Prohibition Order") lukhutshiwe, lufuna ukuthintelwa ngocwangco kunye nokuthintelwa kwemveliso, ukuthengiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezithile zeplastiki, ngokusebenzayo ukukhuthaza iimveliso ezizezinye, kunye nokulandela ngokusesikweni "Iiplastikhi ezinqongopheleyo" zajika zaba "ziPlastiki ezingavunyelwanga" (jonga umfanekiso 1).
Ukuchaphazeleka koku, intengiso yeeplastikhi ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane, ezithatha indawo yeeplastikhi zesintu, ikhule kakhulu, kwaye iiodolo zonyukile. Ngexesha le "14 leSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu", intengiso yeeplastikhi ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane ziyakukhula kumgangatho wokukhula ngonyaka we-11.3% kwaye ufike kuma-500 Isikali sengeniso esingaphezulu kwe-100 yezigidi ze-yuan (jonga uMzobo 2).
Kwangelo xesha, ixabiso leemveliso zeplastiki ezinokuthotywa lenyukile kunyaka ophelileyo. Umzekelo, ixabiso le-PLA ngaphambi kokuvalwa kweplastiki yayiyi-20,000 yuan / itoni, kwaye ixabiso lentengiso kwezinye iindawo lifikelele kwi-yuan yeetoni ezingama-50,000. Oku kuphucula ngokuthe ngqo inzuzo yonke yolu shishino. Umzekelo, inzala enkulu yenzuzo yeenkampani eziphambili ezinje ngeKingfa Technology kunye neYifan Pharmaceutical zikufutshane ne-40% ngo-2019 nango-2020, okunyuke kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa no-2018 (jonga umfanekiso 3).
Amanyathelo amathathu kwintengiso yeplastikhi enokuthotywa
1. Ubume bokuqala
Ngenxa yokwehla kwexesha elide kwintengiso kwiintsuku zokuqala, amandla emveliso yasekhaya yeeplastiki ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane ibikhula kancinci. Ngokwezibalo, ukusukela ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2020, eli nani linenqanaba lokukhula ngonyaka eli-9.63%, kwaye liza kufikelela kumawaka angama-480,000 ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-2020. 4).
Ngexesha elifanayo, izithuba zamandla emveliso zabavelisi abakhulu zincinci. Izabelo ezithathu eziphezulu zentengiso zeKingfa Technology, iLongdu Tianren Biology, kunye neYunyoucheng Biology ziya kuba neetoni ezingama-70,000 / ngonyaka kunye neetoni ezingama-50 000 / ngonyaka ngokwahlukeneyo ngo-2020., Iitoni ezingama-50,000 / ngonyaka. Kunokuthiwa nabani na onokukhokela ekugqibezeleni ubungakanani bemveliso baya kuba nakho ukuthatha ithuba lokufumana isabelo esikhulu, kwaye akukho nzima ukubamba ngasemva.
Kodwa "ixesha alilindi mntu," kwaye ukhuphiswano olomeleleyo alunakuphepheka kwikamva. Kuyaqondakala ukuba iinkampani ngoku ziyanda, kwaye ziya kunyusa amandla emveliso acwangcisiweyo angaphezulu kwe-8 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo (apho i-PBAT, i-PLA, kunye ne-PHA zizigidi ezi-3.48 zeetoni / ngonyaka, i-3.46 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka , kunye ne-100,000 yeetoni / ngonyaka ngokulandelanayo), Kuphela zi-3.7 zezigidi zeetoni zemveliso esandula ukongezwa eqinisekisiweyo ukusuka ku-2021 ukuya ku-2022. Ukulungisa ingxaki yezikhewu zenkxaso-mali, abavelisi abakhulu bathathe amanyathelo amaninzi kwaye babonisa amandla abo omlingo. Umzekelo, u-Changhong Hi-Tech ubhengeze nge-21 ka-Meyi ka-2021, isicwangciso sokukhutshwa kwebhondi esiguqukayo, esiceba ukukhupha iibhondi eziguqulwayo kunye nenani elipheleleyo elingekho ngaphezulu kwe-700 yezigidi ze-yuan (kubandakanya). , Ithuba leminyaka emi-6, imali eqokelelweyo icwangciselwe ukuba isetyenziselwe “iitoni ezingama-600,000 zeprojekhtha yenkqubo yoshishino lwe-thermoplastics (isigaba sokuqala) kutyalo-mali lwesibini”; Jindan Technology kunye isaziso utshintsho kule projekthi ingxowa ngoJanuwari 2021, zidibene ne "ngokuthintelwa iiplastiki" Kuba imigaqo kunye nemeko market elizayo ngezinto ezivuthuluka, inkampani ' s ulawulo ukholelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ngokufanelekileyo le polylactic acid amandla emveliso yeetoni ezili-10 000 eziyilwe kuqala. Okwangoku, inkampani ' s ibhodi yabalawuli liququzelela abasebenzi abachaphazelekayo ukuba ukuhlalutya nokubonisa nokwenzeka yokwandisa isikali utyalo-mali yale projekthi. Isicwangciso sokuphumeza.
Bamba iingongoma eziphambili
Ngokwe-2020 "i-Plastic Prohibition Order", zine iindidi zeemveliso zeplastikhi ezithintelwe ikakhulu: iingxowa zeplastikhi zokuthenga, ukutya okwenziwe ngetafile eplastikini, iimveliso zeplastiki ezilahlwayo kwiihotele kunye nokupakishwa kweplastiki, ukuveliswa kweeplastikhi ezingumbala omncinci kunye ne-ultra- Iifilimu ezincinci zezolimo Kwaye ukuthengisa nako kuthintelwe. Okwangoku, inqanaba lokutshintshwa kweeplastikhi ezinokuthotywa kwezi mveliso zisezantsi, elona liphezulu ngama-25% kwishishini elivelisayo, kwaye elona liphantsi ngama-3% kumzi-mveliso weefilimu zezolimo, elisezantsi kunenqanaba eliphakathi lokutshintsha elingama-30% I-United States, iNetherlands namanye amazwe (jonga uMzobo 6).
Kwixesha elizayo, iiplastiki ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane kulindeleke ukuba zikhawulezise ukuthandwa kwazo kumacandelo amaninzi njengokuhambisa okucacileyo, ukuthatha, iingxowa zokuthenga, njalo njalo. Kuyacetyiswa ukugxila.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi kuyathandwa, kwaye kukho imfuno enamandla yeendlela zokupakisha ezichazayo. Uthotho lwemigangatho yesizwe "yokuBonisa ukuPakishwa kweeMpahla" eyabhengezwa ngo-2018 okokuqala yacebisa ukuba "ukupakishwa okucacileyo kufuneka kusetyenziswe iiplastiki ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane". Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwezinto zasekhaya kuya kudla malunga ne-1.52 yezigidi zeetoni zeplastikhi ezinokuthotywa ngo-2025.
Ukuthatha izinto zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kunokubakho okukhulu ukubuyisela i-tableware elahlayo. Kwi-2017, iMeituan Takeaway, imibutho yamashishini kunye nenani leemveliso zokutya ngokudibeneyo zisungule i "Green Takeaway Industry Convention (Amanqaku alishumi eGreen)". Kuqikelelwa ukuba ishishini lokuthengisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle liya kudla malunga neetoni ezingama-460,000 zeplastiki ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane ngo-2025.
Kwezinye iimeko, ibango leengxowa zokuthenga lizinzile, kwaye inqanaba lokungena elinokuhla kufuneka liphuculwe. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastikhi kuye kwehla kakhulu ukusukela ekunyusweni komthetho "wokuthintelwa kweplastikhi" ngo-2008, ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastikhi kubenzima ukwehla ngenxa yemfuno esisiseko eseleyo kwezinye iimeko. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ishishini leebhegi zokuthenga zasekhaya liya kudla malunga neeplastikhi ezingama-240,000 ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane ngonyaka ka-2025.
Ifilimu yemveli yezolimo inongcoliseko olukhulu, kwaye ishishini linendawo eyaneleyo yokutshintsha. Iifilimu ze-polyethylene zemveli zisetyenziswa ikakhulu e-China, zinqongophele amanyathelo onyango olusebenzayo, kwaye zinempembelelo enkulu kumhlaba nakwizityalo. Iifilimu ze-mulching ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane zinethemba elilungileyo lophuhliso, kodwa izinga lokukhula lilonke lomzi mveliso licotha. Ibango kulindeleke ukuba libe ziitoni ezingama-150,000 ngo-2025.
3. Nciphisa iindleko
Ixabiso leeplastiki ezingonakalisiyo ezifana ne-PP, i-PET, i-PE isezantsi, kwaye ixabiso leeplastikhi ezinokuthotywa liphezulu kakhulu kunabo. Okwangoku, amaxabiso eeplastikhi eziqhelekileyo ezinokuthotywa ezinje ngePLA, PHA, kunye nePBAT ziiRMB 16,000 ukuya kwiRMB 30,000 / ngetoni kunye neRMB 40,000 / ngetoni ngokwahlukeneyo. Iitoni, malunga ne-14,000 ukuya kwi-25,000 yuan / itoni, eyi-2 ~ 5 ephindaphindwe ngexabiso le-PE, ngelixa ixabiso le-PCL liphezulu njenge-70,000 yuan / ton, eyi-9.5 ephindaphindwe ngexabiso le-PE (jonga Umzobo 7).
Amaxabiso aphakamileyo ekrwada, amaqondo obuchwephesha asezantsi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi zizizathu ezithathu eziphambili ezikhokelela kumaxabiso aphezulu eeplastikhi ezinokuthotywa kwilizwe lam. Ukuthatha i-PLA njengomzekelo, indlela yenyathelo elinye inexabiso eliphantsi kodwa umgangatho ophantsi, kwaye indlela enamanyathelo amabini inomgangatho obalaseleyo. Yindlela yangaphakathi yokuhamba phambili ngoku, kodwa iindleko ziphezulu, malunga namaxesha e-2.3 kule ndlela inyathelo elinye. Ungakufezekisa njani ukusulungeka okuphezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi sisitshixo sokwandisa ukungena nokuphumelela ukhuphiswano lweemarike: Umzekelo, iTotal Corbion, inkampani edibeneyo ye-NatureWorks eMelika, iyonke eFrance naseCorbion eNetherlands, inexabiso eliphantsi kunye nenkqubo yokulungiselela ukucoceka okuphezulu kokulungiswa kwe-PLA intermediates - i- lactide ekhokela kwimakethi yehlabathi, isabelo somthamo kwi-2020 siyakufikelela kwi-29.04% kunye ne-14.52% (Umzobo 8)
Ukujonga ngakumbi elizweni, iinkampani eziphambili nazo ziyaphula imiqobo yezobuchwephesha ngokusebenzisa i-R & D ezimeleyo kunye ne-R & D yokusebenzisana ukuze bafumane izibonelelo zeendleko. Umzekelo, iZhejiang Hisun kunye ne-Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry ngokudibeneyo baphuhlise inkqubo yetekhnoloji ye-lactide, eye yaphumelela kwimveliso engaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kwaye yaqonda ukuzimela; Itekhnoloji yeCOFCO kunye neBelgian Gelat ngokudibeneyo zenze isityalo se-acid-lactide-polylactic acid e-Anhui. Isiseko semveliso yoluhlu lonke lweshishini sisebenza ngobuchule kwimveliso yetekhnoloji kunye nasekuqhubeni itekhnoloji ye-lactide. Ukongeza, iZiko leFizikiki kunye neKhemistry yeZiko laseTshayina lezeNzululwazi liphuhlise itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ye-PBAT ngexabiso eliphantsi, iipropathi eziphezulu zoomatshini, kunye nokhuseleko lwebhayoloji. Iinkampani ezinje ngeHuiying New Materials, iJinhui Zhaolong kunye neYuetai Biotechnology zifumene ilungelo lokusebenzisa ngokugunyazisa, nazo eziye zagqiba kwinqanaba elithile. Ingxaki yexabiso eliphezulu.
Ixesha Post: Jul-23-2021