“Kev ua qias tuaj dawb yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau tib neeg lub neej thiab kev txhim kho nyiaj txiag. Txij li thaum xyoo pua 21st, tau muaj lub ntiaj teb sib hloov ntawm biodegradability, thiab ntau lub teb chaws tau tshaj tawm txoj cai nruj los txhawb txoj kev txhim kho kev lag luam. Lub Ib Hlis 2020, Kuv lub teb chaws kuj pib hais tias "txwv" Yas "tau hloov mus rau" Yas txiav npluav ", uas ua rau kev lag luam yas uas poob qis ntawm kev poob qis thaum pib mus rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm kev txhim kho sai. Vim tias kev txhim kho kev lag luam hauv lub sijhawm ntev, kev sib tw kev lag luam tam sim no muaj kev chaotic thiab tsis tau txiav txim siab. Nws yog qhov ua tau rau kom nkag mus rau cov hauv paus ntsiab lus Ua dhau los ua kev lag luam thiab coj lub hnub nyoog kub.
Tsab xov xwm no tham txog peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev nkag mus rau lub khw muag khoom lag luam plhom, nrog rau "kev xa tawm thaum ntxov, tsom mus rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thiab txo tus nqi", txhawm rau muab kev tshoov siab rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm cov tuam txhab muaj feem, tshwj xeeb kev txiav txim siab thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm neeg tswj kev ua haujlwm.
"Yas txiav npluav" yog muab, degradable yas uas ua lag luam ushered ua rau tawg
kuv lub teb chaws biodegradable plastics ua lag luam tau pib thaum ntxov xyoo 2012. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias cov lag luam kev xav tau qeeb qeeb, cov khoom siv raw khoom siab thiab muaj peev xwm ntau lawm, qhov kev txhim kho tag nrho ntawm kev lag luam tau qeeb. Qee cov tuam txhab uas nkag rau hauv lub khw tam sim no tseem raug yuam kom hloov pauv vim yog lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm cov xaj. Txog rau Lub Ib Hlis 2020, "Cov tswv yim ntxiv rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau kev kho mob ntawm cov pa paug yas" (tom qab no hu ua "Kev Txiav Txim Yas") tau tawm, uas txwv tsis pub muaj kev txwv txiav thiab txwv kev tsim, muag thiab siv qee yam khoom yas, nquag txhawb cov khoom lag luam ntxiv, thiab raug raws kev raws li “Muaj Plastics Tsis tshua muaj” tig mus ua “txwv tsis pub muaj yas” (saib Daim Duab 1).
Cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov no, kev ua lag luam rau biodegradable plastics, uas yog hloov chaw rau cov plastics ib txwm, tau nce ntau, thiab cov xaj tau nce ntxiv. Thaum lub sijhawm "14-Tsib Lub Hom Phiaj Rau Xyoo Thib 14", kev ua lag luam rau biodegradable plastics yuav loj hlob ntawm qhov sib ntxiv txhua xyoo ntawm 11.3% thiab nce mus txog 500 Cov nyiaj tau los ntau dua 100 lab yuan (saib Daim Duab 2).
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam yas tau nce ntxiv nyob rau xyoo dhau los. Piv txwv li, tus nqi PLA ua ntej daim npluav yas yog 20,000 yuan / tuj, thiab tus nqi lag luam hauv qee qhov chaw tau txog 50,000 yuan / tuj. Qhov no ncaj qha txhim kho tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, cov nyiaj khwv tau los tsis tu ncua ntawm cov tuam txhab ua lag luam xws li Kingfa Technology thiab Yifan Pharmaceutical ze rau 40% hauv 2019 thiab 2020, uas yog qhov nce ntau ntxiv piv rau 2018 (saib Daim Duab 3).
Peb kauj ruam mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam degradable plastics
1. Kev npaj kom ntxov
Vim tias kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam hauv lub ntiaj teb tau nqis peev thaum ntxov, cov peev txheej hauv tsev lag luam muaj peev xwm loj hlob tau qeeb qeeb. Raws li kev txheeb cais, txij xyoo 2012 txog 2020, daim duab no muaj qhov sib xyaw txhua xyoo ntawm 9.63%, thiab yuav nce txog 480,000 tons hauv ib xyoos los ntawm 2020. Kev thov kev lag luam yog 640,000 tons / xyoo, thiab qhov sib txawv muaj peev xwm loj (saib daim duab 4).
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov peev xwm tsim tawm ntawm cov tuam txhab loj yog qhov me me. Peb qho kev lag luam saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm Kingfa Technology, Longdu Tianren Biology, thiab Yunyoucheng Biology tsuas muaj 70,000 tons / xyoo thiab 50,000 tons / xyoo ntsig txog xyoo 2020., 50,000 tons / xyoo. Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias leej twg tuaj yeem ua tus thawj coj ua tiav cov txheej txheem tsim muaj peev xwm yuav tuaj yeem txeeb lub sijhawm los kom tau txais cov khoom loj, thiab nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj los caum qab los ntawm qab.
Tab sis "lub sijhawm nyob tos tsis muaj leej twg," thiab muaj kev sib tw ntxiv yog yam yuav tshwm sim tau yav tom ntej. Nws tau nkag siab tias cov tuam txhab lag luam tam sim no nthuav dav, thiab yuav nce cov phiaj xwm ntau lawm ntau dua 8 lab tons / xyoo nyob rau ob peb xyoos tom ntej (uas PBAT, PLA, thiab PHA yog 3.48 lab tons / xyoo, 3.46 lab tons / xyoo , thiab 100,000 tons / xyoo feem)), Tsuas yog 3.7 lab tons ntawm lub peev xwm tsim tawm tshiab tau pom zoo los ntawm 2021 txog 2022. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov nyiaj tsis txaus, cov tuam txhab loj kuj tau siv ntau yam kev ntsuas thiab pom lawv lub peev xwm zoo. Piv txwv, Changhong Hi-Tech tshaj tawm rau Lub Tsib Hlis 21, 2021, daim ntawv cog lus hloov pauv, uas npaj yuav muab cov khoom lag luam hloov pauv tau nrog rau tag nrho cov nyiaj tsis ntau tshaj 700 lab yuan (suav nrog). , Lub sijhawm 6 xyoo, cov peev nyiaj tau npaj siab yuav npaj siv rau "600,000 tons ntawm tag nrho biodegradable thermoplastics industrialization project (theem ib) nqis peev thib ob"; Jindan Technology thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm txog cov kev hloov mus rau lub fundraising project nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 2021, nrog rau lub "chov yas" Rau cov kev cai thiab lub neej tom ntej ua lag luam qhov teeb meem ntawm biodegradable cov ntaub ntawv, lub tuam txhab ' s tswj ntseeg hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los tsim nyog nthuav lub polylactic acid peev xwm ntau lawm txog 10,000 tons tsim thaum chiv thawj. Tam sim no, lub tuam txhab ' s board of directors yog tso cov neeg rau kev tsom xam thiab qhia lub feasibility ntawm expanding lub peev scale ntawm no peb tes num. Thiab phiaj xwm kev nqes tes ua.
2. Tsa ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Raws li xyoo 2020 "Kev Txiav Txim Yas", muaj plaub yam khoom lag luam yas uas tshwj xeeb muaj kev txwv: cov hnab yas khw, cov rooj tog zaum yas, cov khoom siv yas pov tseg hauv tsev so thiab nthuav tawm cov khoom ntim yas, tsim cov hnab yas ultra-nyias nyias ua liaj ua teb yeeb yaj kiab Thiab muag khoom kuj raug txwv. Tam sim no, tus nqi hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob degradable plastics hauv cov kev lag luam no yog tsawg, qhov siab tshaj yog 25% hauv kev lag luam nthuav qhia, thiab tus nqi qis yog 3% hauv kev lag luam ua yeeb yaj kiab ua liaj ua teb, uas yog qis dua tus nqi nruab nrab hloov pauv ntawm 30% hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas, Tebchaws Netherlands thiab lwm lub tebchaws (saib duab 6).
Yav tom ntej, biodegradable plastics yog xav tias yuav ua kom nrawm lawv lub koob npe nrov hauv ntau thaj chaw xws li kev xa khoom sai, nqa mus tsev, hnab khw, thiab lwm yam. Nws raug nquahu kom mob siab.
Kev noj tshuaj online yog nrov, thiab muaj qhov muaj zog xav tau tshaj tawm kev ntim khoom rau lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem ntawm lub teb chaws cov qauv rau "nthuav qhia Cov Khoom Siv" tshaj tawm hauv xyoo 2018 thawj zaug tau npaj siab tias "ntim ntim nthuav tawm yuav tsum siv cov plooj (biodegradable plastics)". Nws tau kwv yees hais tias kev xa khoom hauv tsev yuav haus cov kwv yees li 1.52 lab tons ntawm degradable plastics hauv 2025.
Takeaways loj hlob sai heev, thiab muaj peev xwm loj rau kev hloov ntawm cov tais diav siv. Hauv 2017, Meituan Takeaway, koom nrog kev lag luam thiab ib tus lej ntawm cov khw muag khoom noj ua ke tau pib ua "Green Takeaway Industry Convention (Green Ten Article)". Khwv yees tias kev lag luam muag khoom hauv teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws yuav kwv yees li 460,000 tons ntawm biodegradable plastics hauv 2025.
Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, qhov kev thov rau lub hnab ntim khoom yuav ruaj khov, thiab qhov xau xeb kev cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua qub. Txawm hais tias kev siv hnab yas yuav khoom tau poob qis txij li kev nce qib ntawm "kev txwv kev txiav txim yas" xyoo 2008, kev siv hnab yas yuav khoom muag tau poob qis vim tias cov kev xav tau ntxiv hauv qee qhov teeb meem. Nws tau kwv yees tias kev lag luam hauv lub hnab ua lag luam hauv teb yuav haus kwv yees li 240,000 biodegradable plastics hauv 2025. Ib Hlis.
Zaj yeeb yaj kiab kev ua liaj ua teb muaj cov pa phem loj, thiab kev lag luam muaj chaw txaus hloov chaw. Cov tsoos polyethylene yeeb yaj kiab feem ntau siv hauv Suav teb, tsis muaj kev ntsuas tshuaj kho kom zoo, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau cov av thiab cov qoob loo. Biodegradable mulching zaj duab xis muaj cov kev txhim kho kev txhim kho kom zoo, tab sis tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam qeeb. Qhov xav tau yuav tsum yog 150,000 tons hauv 2025.
3. Txo nqi
Tus nqi ntawm cov uas tsis muaj qhov zoo li cov plastics xws li PP, PET, PE qis dua, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv degradable plastics yog tus nqi siab dua lawv. Thaum tam sim no, cov nqi ntawm kev ua lag luam degradable plastics xws li PLA, PHA, thiab PBAT yog RMB 16,000 txog RMB 30,000 / tuj thiab RMB 40,000 / tuj feem. Tons, kwv yees li 14,000 txog 25,000 yuan / tuj, uas yog 2 ~ 5 zaug tus nqi ntawm PE, thaum tus nqi PCL tseem ntau npaum li 70,000 yuan / tuj, uas yog li 9,5 zaug ntawm tus nqi PE (saib daim duab 7).
Tus nqi khoom siv siab ntawm cov khoom siv qis, qib qis thev naus laus zis, thiab kev siv roj ntsha muaj peev xwm tsawg yog peb qhov laj thawj uas ua rau tus nqi siab ntawm degradable plastics hauv kuv lub teb chaws. Noj PLA ua piv txwv, tus qauv qhia ib-kauj ruam muaj tus nqi qis tab sis ua tsis tau zoo, thiab ob-kauj ruam kev ua tau zoo heev. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hluavtaws sib txawv txoj kev tamsis no, tabsis tus nqi yuav siab, kwv yees li 2,3 npaug ntawm cov qauv uas siv ib kauj ruam. Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tiav qhov kev coj dawb huv thiab tus nqi qis yog tus yuam sij rau nce kev nkag mus thiab yeej kev sib tw ua lag luam: Piv txwv, Total Corbion, cov tuam txhab koom ua ke ntawm NatureWorks hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Tag Nrho hauv Fabkis, thiab Corbion hauv Netherlands, muaj tus nqi qis. thiab siab-purity npaj cov txheej txheem rau kev npaj ntawm PLA intermediates - lactide Ua lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam, cov peev txheej sib luag hauv 2020 yuav nce mus txog 29.04% thiab 14.52% (daim duab 8)
Ua tibzoo saib lub tebchaws, cov tuam txhab ua lag luam kuj tseem ua nrawm dhau los ntawm kev thaiv kev hla dhau ntawm R&D ywj pheej thiab koom tes R&D kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Piv txwv li, Zhejiang Hisun thiab Changchun lub koom haum ntawm Applied Chemistry tau sib koom tsim cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, uas tau ua tiav cov khoom tiav offline thiab paub txog cov khoom siv ib nrab ntawm tus kheej; COFCO Technology thiab Belgian Gelat tau koom ua ke cog pob kws-lactic acid-lactide-polylactic acid cog hauv Anhui. Lub hauv paus tsim khoom ntawm tag nrho cov saw kev lag luam tau sau cov qauv thev naus laus zis ntau lawm thiab ua cov thev naus laus zis ntawm lactide. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub koom haum ntawm Physics thiab Chemistry ntawm Suav Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau tsim kho PBAT cov cuab yeej tsim tawm nrog tus nqi qis, cov cuab yeej siab, thiab kev nyab xeeb zoo hauv kev nyab xeeb. Cov tuam txhab xws li Huiying Cov Khoom Siv Tshiab, Jinhui Zhaolong thiab Yuetai Biotechnology tau txais txoj cai los siv los ntawm kev tso cai, uas tau daws teeb meem rau qee yam. Cov teeb meem ua haujlwm siab.
Lub sij hawm tshaj tawm: Jul-23-2021