“Farin gurbatawa babban kalubale ne dake fuskantar zamantakewar dan adam da ci gaban tattalin arziki. Tun karni na 21, an samu karuwar yaduwar halittu a duniya, kuma kasashe da yawa sun fitar da tsauraran manufofi don bunkasa ci gaban masana'antar. A watan Janairun 2020, kasata kuma a hukumance ta fara "takaita" Filastik "ta juya zuwa" Filastik haram ", wanda kuma hakan ke ingiza masana'antar robobi masu lalacewa daga farkon koma baya zuwa wani lokaci na ci gaba cikin sauri. Dangane da ci gaban koma baya na dogon lokaci, gasar masana'antar yanzu tana da rikici kuma ba a yanke shawara ba. Zai yiwu a fahimci abubuwan da aka ƙera Ku zama jagora mai jagoranci kuma ya jagoranci zamanin zinariya.
Wannan labarin yayi magana akan mahimman mahimman abubuwa guda uku don shiga kasuwar robobi mai lalacewa, gami da "ƙaddamarwa da wuri, mai da hankali kan mahimman bayanai, da rage farashin", don samar da wahayi ga ci gaban kamfanoni masu alaƙa da su nan gaba, musamman yanke shawara da gudanarwa na shugabannin kamfanoni.
An bayar da “haramtacciyar filastik”, an lalata kasuwar robobi da aka lalata
kasuwar filastik na kasarmu wacce ta fara lalacewa tun daga shekarar 2012. Koda yake, saboda tsananin bukatar kasuwar farko, rashin tsadar kayan masarufi da karancin karfin samar da kayayyaki, ci gaban masana'antar gaba daya ya na tafiyar hawainiya. Wasu kamfanonin da suka shigo kasuwa tun farko ma an tilasta masu canzawa saboda ƙarancin oda na dogon lokaci. Har zuwa watan Janairun 2020, “Ra'ayoyi kan Furtherarin Starfafa Kula da Gurɓataccen Filastik" (wanda yanzu ake magana a kai a matsayin "Umurnin Haramtacciyar Filastik") an bayar da shi, yana buƙatar ƙa'ida da ƙuntatawa na samarwa, tallace-tallace da amfani da wasu samfuran filastik, da ƙwazo inganta samfuran madadin, kuma bisa hukuma bin “Iyakan robobi” an juya zuwa “Haramtattun robobi” (duba hoto na 1).
Hakan ya shafa, kasuwar kayan leda masu lalacewa, wacce ke maye gurbin robobin gargajiya, ta bunkasa sosai, kuma umarni ya yi sama sosai. A lokacin "shirin na 14 na shekaru biyar", kasuwar robobi masu lalacewa za su bunkasa a wani ci gaban da ake samu na shekara-shekara na kashi 11.3% kuma ya kai 500 Matsakaicin kudin shiga sama da yuan miliyan 100 (duba hoto na 2).
A lokaci guda, farashin kayayyakin leda masu lalacewa sun tashi a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Misali, farashin PLA kafin hanin filastik ya kai yuan / tan dubu 20, kuma farashin kasuwa a wasu wuraren ya kai yuan / tan dubu 50. Wannan kai tsaye yana inganta fa'idar masana'antar gabaɗaya. Misali, babban ribar ribar manyan kamfanoni kamar su Kingfa Technology da Yifan Pharmaceutical sun kusan kusan 40% a shekarar 2019 da 2020, wanda hakan ya samu karuwar kwatankwacin shekarar 2018 (duba hoto na 3).
Matakai uku a cikin kasuwar robobi masu lalacewa
1. Tsari na farko
Dangane da faduwar kasuwa na dogon lokaci a kwanakin farko, karfin samar da gida na robobi masu lalacewa na bunkasa a hankali. Dangane da kididdiga, daga 2012 zuwa 2020, wannan adadi yana da hauhawar ci gaban shekara 9.63%, kuma zai kai tan 480,000 a kowace shekara nan da shekara ta 2020. Bukatar kasuwa ita ce tan 640,000 a shekara, kuma ratar iya aiki tana da girma babba (duba Hoto 4).
A lokaci guda, ƙarancin ƙarfin samar da manyan masana'antun ba su da ɗan kaɗan. Manyan kasuwar hannayen jari guda uku na Kingfa Technology, Longdu Tianren Biology, da Yunyoucheng Biology zasu sami tan dubu 70,000 ne kawai / shekara da tan dubu 50 / shekara bi da bi a shekarar 2020., tan dubu 50 / shekara. Ana iya cewa duk wanda zai iya jagorantar kammala shimfida ƙarfin samarwa zai iya amfani da damar don samun kaso mafi girma, kuma ba shi da wuya a riski daga baya.
Amma “lokaci bai jira kowa ba,” kuma zazzage gasa ba makawa a nan gaba. An fahimci cewa kamfanoni a halin yanzu suna haɓaka fadadawa, kuma zasu haɓaka ƙarfin samar da kayan aiki sama da tan miliyan 8 / shekara a cikin fewan shekaru masu zuwa (wanda PBAT, PLA, da PHA sune tan miliyan 3.48 / shekara, 3.46 tan miliyan / shekara) , da tan 100,000 / shekara bi da bi), Kawai tan miliyan 3.7 ne na sabuwar damar samarwa aka tabbatar daga 2021 zuwa 2022. Domin magance matsalar gibin kudade, manyan masana'antun suma sun dau matakai da yawa kuma sun nuna karfin sihirinsu. Misali, Changhong Hi-Tech ta sanar a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2021, wani shirin bayar da lamuni mai canzawa, wanda ke shirin bayar da takardun hada-hadar kamfanoni da ba za su wuce yuan miliyan 700 ba (hada-hada). , Tsawon shekaru 6, an tsara kudaden da za a yi amfani dasu don "tan 600,000 na aikin kere-kere na masana'antu na thermoplastics (kashi na farko) na biyu saka jari"; Jindan Technology da sanarwar canje-canje ga rokan kudi aikin a watan Janairu 2021, a hade tare da "haramta na robobi" Ga manufofin da nan gaba kasuwar halin da ake ciki na biodegradable kayan, kamfanin ' s management yi imanin cewa wajibi ne a ayi kasafi da fadada polylactic acid damar samar da tan 10,000 da aka tsara tun asali. A halin yanzu, kamfanin ' s kwamitin gudanarwa da aka shirya dacewa ma'aikata su bincika, kuma ya nuna yiwuwa na fadada zuba jari sikelin da wannan aikin. Da kuma tsarin aiwatarwa.
2. Riƙe maɓallan mahimmanci
Dangane da "Dokar Haramtacciyar Plastics" ta 2020, akwai nau'ikan kayayyakin leda guda hudu wadanda akasari aka kayyade su: jakunkunan cinikin leda, teburin roba na yarwa, kayayyakin leda masu yarwa a cikin otal-otal da kuma kwantena na roba, samar da jakunkunan leda masu matuqar kauri sirarrun finafinan noma Kuma tallace-tallace suma an taƙaita su. A halin yanzu, adadin sauyawar robobi masu lalacewa a cikin wadannan masana'antu yayi kadan, mafi girma shine 25% a cikin masana'antar bayyana, kuma mafi karancin shine 3% a masana'antar fim din noma, wanda yayi kasa da matsakaicin matsakaicin canjin na 30% a cikin Amurka, Netherlands da wasu ƙasashe (duba hoto na 6).
A nan gaba, ana sa ran robobi masu saurin lalacewa za su hanzarta yaduwar su a fannoni da dama kamar isar da sako, tafiye-tafiye, jakunan ciniki, da sauransu. An ba da shawarar don mayar da hankali ga hankali.
Amfani da layi yana da mashahuri, kuma akwai buƙata mai ƙarfi don madadin marufi masu bayyana. Jerin matakan kasa don "Express Packaging አቅርቦ" wanda aka gabatar a shekarar 2018 da farko an gabatar da cewa "bayyana marufi ya kamata yayi amfani da robobi masu lalacewa". An kiyasta cewa isar da sakon cikin gida zai cinye kusan tan miliyan 1.52 na robobi masu lalacewa a 2025.
Takeaways suna girma cikin sauri, kuma akwai babbar dama don maye gurbin kayan tebur na yarwa. A cikin 2017, Meituan Takeaway, ƙungiyoyin masana'antu da masana'antun cin abinci da dama sun ƙaddamar da "Yarjejeniyar Masana'antu ta Green Takewe (Rubutun Goma Goma)". An kiyasta cewa masana'antar tallace-tallace na cikin gida da na waje za su cinye tan 460,000 na robobi masu lalacewa a cikin 2025.
A wasu yanayi, buƙatar buhunan cin kasuwa yana da karko, kuma ana buƙatar inganta ƙimar shigar azzakari cikin farji. Kodayake amfani da jakunkunan cinikin leda ya ragu sosai tun lokacin da aka gabatar da "umarnin ƙuntata filastik" a cikin 2008, amfani da buhunan cinikin leda yana da wahalar ƙi saboda ragowar buƙatun yau da kullun a cikin wasu al'amuran. An kiyasta cewa masana'antar jakar cefane na cikin gida za su cinye ledojin roba kimanin 240,000 a 2025. Ton.
Fim ɗin aikin gona na gargajiya yana da ƙazantar ƙazanta, kuma masana'antar tana da wadatattun wurare don sauyawa. Ana amfani da finafinan polyetylen na gargajiya mafi yawa a China, ba su da matakan magani masu inganci, kuma suna da tasiri ƙwarai kan ƙasa da amfanin gona. Fina-Finan mulching na rayuwa mai kyawu na da kyakkyawan ci gaba, amma yawan ci gaban masana'antar na tafiyar hawainiya. Ana tsammanin bukatar ta kasance tan 150,000 a 2025.
3. Rage kuɗi
Farashin robobi marasa lalacewa kamar su PP, PET, PE sun yi kasa, kuma farashin lalatattun robobi ya fi su muhimmanci. A halin yanzu, farashin manyan robobi masu lalata kamar PLA, PHA, da PBAT sune RMB 16,000 zuwa RMB 30,000 / ton da RMB 40,000 / ton bi da bi. Ton, kimanin yuan / ton 14,000 zuwa 25,000, wanda ya ninka 2% sau na farashin PE, yayin da farashin PCL ya ma kai yuan / tan 70,000, wanda ya ninka farashin PE sau 9.5 (duba hoto na 7).
Babban farashin kayan masarufi, karancin matakan fasaha, da kuma karancin amfani da karfi sune manyan dalilai guda uku wadanda suke haifar da hauhawar farashin kayayyakin robobi masu lalacewa a cikin kasata. Daukar PLA a matsayin misali, hanyar mataki daya tana da araha amma ba ta da inganci, kuma hanyar matakai biyu tana da inganci mai kyau. Hanya ce ta yau da kullun da ake kira, amma farashin yana da yawa, kusan sau 2.3 na hanyar mataki ɗaya. Yadda za a sami babban tsarki da ƙaramin tsada shi ne mabuɗin don ƙara kutsawa da cin nasarar kasuwar: Misali, Total Corbion, haɗin gwiwar kamfanin NatureWorks a Amurka, Total a Faransa, da Corbion a Netherlands, suna da ƙaramin tsada da kuma tsarin shiri mai tsafta don shirye-shiryen matsakaiciyar PLA - lactide Wanda ke jagorantar kasuwar duniya, karfin damar a 2020 zai kai 29.04% da 14.52% (Hoto na 8)
Idan aka duba ƙasar da kyau, manyan kamfanoni suma suna ratsawa ta hanyar shingen fasaha ta hanyar R&D mai zaman kanta da R&D mai haɗin gwiwa don samun fa'idodi masu tsada. Misali, Zhejiang Hisun da Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry sun hada gwiwa suka kirkiro aikin fasahar lactide, wanda ya samu nasarar samar da layi ba tare da samun wadatar kai ba; Fasahar COFCO da Gelat ta Beljiyam a hade suka kafa shuka masara-lactic acid-lactide-polylactic acid a Anhui. Tushen samar da dukkanin sarkar masana'antu ya mallaki fasahar kera kere kere da fasahar sarrafa lactide. Bugu da kari, kwalejin kimiyyar lissafi da sinadarai ta kwalejin kimiyya ta kasar Sin ta samar da fasahar kera kayayyakin PBAT tare da farashi mai rahusa, da manyan kayayyakin masarufi, da kuma kyakkyawan yanayin ilmin halitta. Kamfanoni irin su Huiying New Materials, Jinhui Zhaolong da Yuetai Biotechnology sun sami haƙƙin amfani da su ta hanyar bayar da izini, wanda kuma ya warware har zuwa wani mizani. Matsalar tsada.
Post lokaci: Jul-23-2021